cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
<value> redundant data derived from, and stored or transmitted together with, a block of data in order to detect data corruption
<method> procedure used to calculate the redundant data
NOTE 1 to entry: Terms “CRC code” and “CRC signature”, and labels such as CRC1, CRC2, may also be used in this part to refer to the redundant data.
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1]
error
discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true, specified or theoretically correct value or condition
NOTE 1 to entry: Errors may be due to design mistakes within hardware/software and/or corrupted information due to electromagnetic interference and/or other effects.
NOTE 2 to entry: Errors do not necessarily result in a failure or a fault.
[SOURCE: IEC 615084:2010, 3.6.11]
failure
termination of the ability of a functional unit to perform a required function or operation of a functional unit in any way other than as required
NOTE 1 to entry: Failure may be due to an error (for example, problem with hardware/software design or message disruption).
[SOURCE: IEC 615084:2010, 3.6.4, modified – notes and figures deleted]
fail-safe
ability of a system that, by adequate technical or organizational measures, prevents from hazards either deterministically or by reducing the risk to a tolerable measure
NOTE 1 to entry: Equivalent to functional safety
fail-safe substitute values (FSV)
values which are issued or delivered instead of process values when the safety function is set to a fail-safe state
NOTE 1 to entry: In this part, the fail-safe substitute values (FSV) are always set to binary “0”.
fault
abnormal condition that may cause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a functional unit to perform a required function
NOTE 1 to entry: IEV 1910501 defines “fault” as a state characterized by the inability to perform a required function, excluding the inability during preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources.
[SOURCE: IEC 615084:2010, 3.6.1, modified – figure reference deleted]
flag
a one-bit value used to indicate a certain status or control information.
Globally Unique Identifier
a globally unique identifier (GUID) is a 128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems. The term universally unique identifier (UUID) is also used. In this part, UUID version 4 is used.
message
<information theory and communication theory> ordered sequence of characters (usually octets) intended to convey information
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2123205, modified – insertion of "(usually octets)", deletion of notes and source]
MonitoringNumber (MNR)
a means used to ensure the correct order among transmitted safety PDUs and to monitor the communication delay. The MNR starts at a random value and is incremented with each request. It rolls over to a minimum threshold value that is not zero.
NOTE 1 to entry: Instance of sequence number as described in IEC 617843.
NOTE 2 to entry: The transmitted MNR is protected by the transmitted CRC signature of the ResponseSPDU
Non-safety-
a predicate meaning that the respective object is a “standard” object and has not been designed and implemented to fulfill any requirements with respect to functional safety.
OPC UA Mapper
non-safety-related part of the OPC UA Safety implementation which maps the SPDU to the actual OPC UA services. Depending on which services are used (e.g. Client/Server or PubSub), different mappers can be specified.
performance level (PL)
discrete level used to specify the ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety function under foreseeable conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 138491:2015, 3.1.23]
process values
input and output data (in a safety PDU) that are required to control an automated process
qualifier
Qualifier is an attribute (bit or Boolean), indicating whether the corresponding value is valid or not (e.g. being a fail-safe substitute value)
residual error probability
probability of an error undetected by the SCL safety measures
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021 3.1]
residual error rate
statistical rate at which the SCL safety measures fail to detect errors
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1]
safety communication layer (SCL)
communication layer above the OPC UA communication stack that includes all necessary additional measures to ensure safe transmission of data in accordance with the requirements of IEC 61508.
The SCL provides several services, the most important ones being the SafetyProvider and the SafetyConsumer.
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1 modified]
SafetyConsumer
Entity (usually software) that implements the data sink of a unidirectional safety link.
SafetyData
application data transmitted across a safety network using a safety protocol
NOTE 1 to entry: The safety communication layer does not ensure the safety of the data itself, but only that the data is transmitted safely.
safety function response time
worst-case elapsed time of a safety function, following an actuation of a safety sensor connected to a fieldbus, until the corresponding safe state of the safety function’s actuator(s) is achieved, in the presence of errors or failures.
NOTE 1 to entry: This concept is introduced in IEC 617843, Clause 5.2.4 and is addressed by the functional safety communication profiles defined in that specification.
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1 modified]
safety integrity level
discrete level (one out of a possible four), corresponding to a range of safety integrity values, where safety integrity level 4 has the highest level of safety integrity and safety integrity level 1 has the lowest level of safety integrity
NOTE 1 to entry: The target failure measures (see IEC 615084:2010, 3.5.17) for the four safety integrity levels are specified in Tables 2 and 3 of IEC 615081:2010.
NOTE 2 to entry: Safety integrity levels are used for specifying the safety integrity requirements of the safety functions to be allocated to the E/E/PE safety-related systems.
NOTE 3 to entry: A safety integrity level (SIL) is not a property of a system, subsystem, element or component. The correct interpretation of the phrase “SILn safety-related system” (where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4) is that the system is potentially capable of supporting safety functions with a safety integrity level up to n.
[SOURCE: IEC 615084:2010, 3.5.8]
safety measure
measure to control possible communication errors that is designed and implemented in compliance with the requirements of IEC 61508
NOTE 1 to entry: In practice, several safety measures are combined to achieve the required safety integrity level.
NOTE 2 to entry: Communication errors and related safety measures are detailed in IEC 617843, 5.3 and 5.4.
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1]
safety PDU (SPDU)
PDU transferred through the safety communication channel
NOTE 1 to entry: The SPDU may include more than one copy of the safety data using differing coding structures and hash functions together with explicit parts of additional protections such as a key, a sequence count, or a time stamp mechanism.
NOTE 2 to entry: Redundant SCLs may provide two different versions of the SPDU for insertion into separate fields of the OPC UA frame.
[SOURCE: IEC 61784-3:2021, 3.1]
SafetyProvider
Entity (usually software) that implements the data source of a unidirectional safety link.
SafetyBaseID Randomly generated authenticity ID which is used to safely authenticate SafetyProviders having the same SafetyProviderID.
NOTE 1 to entry: Together with the SafetyProviderID, it is the instance of connection authentication as described in IEC 617843.
SafetyProviderID User-assigned, locally unique ID which is used to safely authenticate SafetyProviders within a certain area. All SafetyProviders within this area may share the identical SafetyBaseID.
NOTE 1 to entry: Together with the SafetyBaseID, it is the instance of connection authentication as described in IEC 617843.
standard transmission system
the part of the transmission system (implemented in hardware and software) that is not implemented according to any safety standards. OPC UA Safety is using the services of this part to transmit prebuilt safety packets.