UMLAssociation represents an association between elements of a class and elements of another or the same class. The UMLAssociation is transformed to subtypes of OPC UA NonHierarchicalReferences (see Table 7).
Table 7 – Transformation rule of the elements of UMLAssociation
| ISA-95 | OPC UA | Description | 
| UMLRole | SourceNode, TargetNode | UMLRole may be transformed into the restrictions of ReferenceType. | 
| UMLCardinality | N/A | Standard ModellingRules only affect instance declaration specified by subtypes of Hierarchical References. | 
| UMLAssociation Name | BrowseName | A name defined in ISA-95 may be changed. InverseName will be defined. | 
Instance Nodes that are referenced by NonHierarchicalReferences are not instantiated when an instance of an ObjectType or VariableType is created.